DNA is as software, tell our make cellular and molecular what do - except it uses biochemical reactions rather than electronic circuits of computers, that we are accustomed.
Now, researchers have built the molecular computer greater, more sophisticated zero using DNA molecules - instead of computer chips.
Right now, thiscomputer DNAcan perform logic operations, such as calculating roots square for several hours.
But speed, however, is not Canada.
One day, these biochemical circuits may be injected into biological systems - such as living cells or blood samples - to monitor levels of chemicals. If this happens, they would be able to diagnose and treat diseases.
In fact, with the calculation in a cell may provide new ways of looking at disease using the terminology and the similar logic as Google search engine.
By these circuits of engineering, researchers can explore how the info is treated in biological systems and finally the design of biochemical pathways with decision making capabilities. Less powerful molecular computers have been around since the 1990s.
As a classical computer, the computer of the DNA uses logic gates that deal with signals received by simple rules. However, these doors are made of carefully designed DNA molecules, not Silicon. Input and output signals are also made of DNA, rather than of being electrical impulses, Nature News explains.
Caltech Lulu Qian and Erik Winfree designed their new circuit - made 74 single-strand DNA - to find the square root of numbers up to 15 and the Tower of the answer to the nearest whole number.
Different types of DNA strands represent 1 and 0, binary numbers used in standard digital circuits. They took advantage of the natural capacity of DNA of zip (when only two strands of bind DNA together complementary sites) and uncompress, explains Science News:
The basic design includes two types of synthetic DNA in a test tube: DNA molecules simple free floating as lone wolves and double strand those with a small notch of open DNA called an "openness." DNA single strand cruises solo until bumping in a pair of interlaced strands of DNA with a prominent consideration. The anchor of lone wolves on this salient by compression, possibly start off the coast of one of the two original components. After the compression and decompression are performed, a new molecule of double-stranded and single stranded lone wolf floating around the test tube.
In designing precisely these cascades of DNA, the team could spraying representing the 1001 in binary notation, or 9, in the mixture of molecules and isolate a binary response, once completed the reactions as a result. In this case, the answer to this question was a square root: binary 11, or 3.
(If I mixed too many metaphors or if it is still unclear, see the section of the "counting in binary" Wiki and then take a look at a chart of Ars Technica).
A set of 4 fluorescent colours was used to communicate binary response to two digits. For each digit of the answer, a single color would signal a 1? "while the other would signal"0"." Up to 130 different double-stranded molecules exist in the same test tube.
"If you can get chemistry to something as totally foreign as the calculation of the square root of a binary number to four digits," Winfree said, "then you can probably get it to do many other things too.
Teams are already applying the design to cheaper and more deployable detection of the disease means. Circuit biochemical to diagnose malaria, for example, calculates its response using chemical substances in the blood.
"We would like to make chemical systems that can probe their molecular environments, process chemical signals, make decisions and take action at chemical products level", says Winfree.
The study was published in Science last week.
Image: DNA molecules in the largest of its type synthetic circuit / Lulu Qian, Caltech
Janet Fang is a writer of contribution for SmartPlanet.Source : Click Here
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