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A device generally consisting of electronic circuits and devices, that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information is known as a computer in the modern world.
The modern world of high technology could not have come about except for development of the computer. Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling of data, from secret governmental files to banking transactions to private household accounts. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing through the techniques of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems. They are essential tools in almost every field of research and applied technology, from constructing models of universe to producing tomorrow's weather reports, and their use has in itself opened up new variety of information sources. The same advanced techniques also make possible invasions of personal and business privacy. Computer crime has become one of the many risks that are part of the price of modern technology.
A computer is more than a high-powered collection of electronic devices performing a variety of information processing tasks. A computer is a system, an interrelated combination of components that performs the basic system function of input, processing, output, storage, and control, thus providing end Risers with a powerful information tool.
Essentially a computer is a data processing machine that stores and manipulates or processes data. A computer is basically a system of hardware devices organized according to the following system functions;
Input. The input devices of a computer system include keyboards, touch screens, electronic mice, optical scanners,, and so on. They convert data into electronic machine readable form for direct entry or through telecommunication links into a computer system.
Processing. The central processing unit (CPU) is the main processing component of a computer system. (In microcomputers it is the main processor.) In particular, the electronic circuits of the arithmetic-logic unit, one of the CPU's major components, perform the arithmetic and logic functions required in computer processing.
Output. The output devices of a computer system include video display units, printers, audio response units, and so on. They convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human-intelligible form for presentation to end users.
Storage. The storage function of a computer system takes place in the storage circuit of computer's primary storage unit or memory, and in secondary storage devices such as magnetic disk and tape units; These devices store data and program instructions needed for processing.
Control. The control unit of the CPU is control component of a computer system. Its circuits interpret computer program instructions and transmit directions to the other components of computer system.
A computer can not think or reason. It can only out instructions given to it. A set of instructions that directs a computer's actions is called a program and is written by programmer. Obviously different programs must be written to solve different types of problems. This ability to accept, store, and execute various sets of instructions or programs is what makes the computer the invaluable, all purpose business tool that it is, and what sets it apart from the common calculator.
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